Pancreatic cancer is an important type of cancer that does not cause symptoms in its early stages. You can read our content for detailed information about the causes and treatment of this type of cancer.

What is pancreatic Cancer?

The pancreas produces substances that help digest the food we eat and secretes a hormone that regulates insulin levels. The onset of cancer in the pancreas occurs when cells in this organ grow out of control and disable healthy cells. Therefore, there are two types of pancreatic cancer. The most common was cancer that also formed in exocrine cells. Although less common, it is possible for cancer to start in endocrine cells as well. The diagnosis and treatment of these two types of cancer are different. For this reason, it is important to know which type of cancer you have.

Pancreatic Cancer Symptoms

• yellowing in your eyes
• Itchy Skin
• You may have darker urine or paler-than-normal poop.
• weight loss without trying
• feeling tired
• high temperature
• feeling like or having the flu
• diarrhea or constipation
• pain in your upper abdomen and back
• severe pain when eating or lying down
• Indigestion

Pancreatic Cancer Stages

Stage 0: No propagation. Pancreatic cancer is confined to the upper layers of cells in the pancreatic ducts. Pancreatic cancer is invisible on imaging tests or even with the naked eye.
Stage IA: Pancreatic cancer is limited to the pancreas, but has grown less than 2 cm
Stage IB: Greater than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm
Stage II: Pancreatic cancer is larger than 4 centimeters and is either limited to the pancreas or has spread to nearby lymph nodes, where the cancer has grown outside the pancreas.
Stage III: The tumor may have spread to nearby major blood vessels or nerves.
Stage IV: Pancreatic cancer has spread to distant organs.

Pancreatic Cancer Causes

The exact cause of most cancers is unknown. Therefore, the exact cause of pancreatic cancer cannot be said. However, if we need to talk about the formation of pancreatic cancer, we can say that the DNA of the cells in the pancreas is damaged. DNA commands the cell what to do. In some cases this changes and the DNA gives the wrong command. This causes cells to grow and move abnormally.

These cells come together to form tumors. In short, we cannot say for what reasons pancreatic cancer occurs, but of course there are some risk factors that affect its formation. If we look at these factors, you can easily see them in a sub-title.

Pancreatic Cancer Risk Factors

• To smoke
• Diabetes
• pancreatitis
• BRCA2 gene mutation
• Lynch syndrome
• FAMMM syndrome
• Family history of pancreatic cancer
• obesity
• Senile

Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is made by imaging techniques, as in many other cancers. On the other hand, biopsy and endoscopic imaging can also help in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Techniques used to diagnose pancreatic cancer;

• ultrasound
• computed tomography (CT)
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• sometimes positron emission tomography (PET)
• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

Can Pancreatic Cancer Be Cured

The answer to this question varies depending on the stage at which the cancer is diagnosed. While it can be treated in stages 0, 1 and 2, this probability is even lower in stages 3. On the other hand, unfortunately, there is no cure for stage 4 pancreatic cancer. The treatments given in this process are mostly to relieve the patient’s pain and make the patient feel good.

However, for successful treatments, the patient must be treated in a good country. It should not be limited only to the treatments in its own country, but should research other techniques and treatments. In this way, he will be able to achieve both more successful and faster results with the treatments he will receive in a successful country.

Pancreatic Cancer Treatment

Pancreatic cancer is a very complex type of cancer that is difficult to treat. For this reason, experienced and successful surgeons should definitely be preferred when choosing the treatment options mentioned in the continuation of the content. Otherwise, the success rate of treatments will decrease, and direct death due to treatment is also possible. For this reason, it is necessary for the patients to get detailed information about the treatments and to choose successful surgeons.

Pancreatic Cancer Surgery

Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)

This operation is most often to remove tumors in the head of the pancreas. During the operation, the head and sometimes the body of the pancreas is removed. This also includes:
Removal of part of the small intestine, part of the bile duct, gallbladder, lymph nodes near the pancreas, and sometimes part of the stomach.

The remaining bile duct and pancreas are then connected to the small intestine so that bile and digestive enzymes can still travel to the small intestine. The end pieces of the small intestine are then reattached so that food can pass through the digestive tract.
Although the operation often requires a large incision in the abdomen, some doctors are able to provide treatment with the laparoscopic technique, by making several small incisions in the abdomen.

The Whipple procedure is a very complex operation that requires a surgeon with a lot of skill and experience. For this reason, it is essential that patients prefer successful surgeons. Otherwise, the risk of death directly due to surgery is quite high. Do not forget that you can also make your surgeon choices outside of your country. For this reason, if you could not find a successful surgeon in your country or you could not rely on his success, you can also include surgeons in Turkey among your preferences. Species surgeons are experienced surgeons with manual dexterity.

Distal Pancreatectomy

This operation involves removing the last part and sometimes the body of the pancreas. The spleen is also usually removed at the same time.
Since the spleen allows us not to fight infections, removing it means we cannot fight some infections. For this reason, some vaccinations are often required before this operation. Thus, the patient will not be harmed as a result of any infection.

Total Pancreatectomy

This surgery may be an option if the cancer has spread to the entire pancreas but can still be removed.
In this operation, in addition to the entire pancreas, the gallbladder, stomach, part of the small intestine and spleen are also removed. However, this type of surgery is less used than other surgeries because there is no great advantage in removing the entire pancreas. On the other hand, possible side effects are more common.

It is possible to live without a pancreas. But when the entire pancreas is removed, people are deprived of cells that produce insulin and other hormones that help maintain safe blood sugar levels. These people have to live dependent on insulin and they have to continue their lives with some hormonal drugs.

Pancreatic Cancer Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer can be named in 2 different ways;
Before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy): It is given before surgery in order to shrink the tumor. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is often used to treat cancers that are too large to be removed with surgery.

After surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy): Used after surgery to kill cancer cells that are left behind or have spread but cannot be seen. If these cells are allowed to grow, they can form new tumors elsewhere in the body. This type of treatment can reduce the chance of the cancer coming back later.

For advanced pancreatic cancer: It can be used if the cancer is advanced and cannot be completely removed with surgery and the cancer has spread to other organs.

Side Effects Of Chemotherapy

• Nausea
• vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• hair loss
• mouth sores
• Diarrhea
• constipation
• Decreased body’s resistance to infection
• Bleeding in the Body
• bruising on the body
• Tiredness
• shortness of breath

Pancreatic Cancer Radiotherapy

After surgery (adjuvant) radiation: It may be given to try to reduce the chance of the cancer coming back. Radiation is typically given in conjunction with chemotherapy, known as concomitant chemoradiotherapy.

Radiation therapy before surgery: For borderline resectable tumors, it is given before surgery to shrink the tumor and facilitate its complete removal.

Radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy: It can be used as part of the main treatment for people whose cancer has gone beyond the pancreas and cannot be removed with surgery.

In some cases, radiation is given to make the patient feel better and to relieve their pain in cancer stages that cannot be cured in some cases.

Side Effects Of Radiotherapy

• skin rash
• skin blistering
• skin peeling
• Nausea
• vomiting
• Diarrhea
• burnout
• Loss of appetite
• weight loss

Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancers usually first spread to the abdomen and liver. They can also spread to the lungs, bone, brain, and other organs.

This means that the cancers have spread too far to be removed with surgery. This is because although doctors see cancer cells in only a few organs, small cancer cells have spread to various tissues of the body. In this case, some drug combinations are given to the patient who cannot be treated, and radiotherapy is applied to relieve pain.

Drug treatments known as chemotherapy can sometimes stop or slow the growth of these cancers for a while and help people live longer, but they are not expected to cure the cancer.
The drugs and drug combinations used are as follows;
Gemcitabine is one of the most commonly used drugs. It can be used alone (especially for people with poor health) or in combination with other drugs such as albumin-dependent paclitaxel (Abraxane), capecitabine (Xeloda), or the targeted drug erlotinib (Tarceva).

Another option for people in good health is a combination of chemotherapy drugs called FOLFIRINOX. It consists of 4 drugs: 5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan (Camptosar) and oxaliplatin (Eloxatin). This treatment may help people live longer than taking gemcitabine alone, but it can also have more serious side effects.

On the other hand, radiation therapy or a type of nerve block may be used to relieve cancer pain. Also, there is no known cure for pancreatic cancer at this stage. That’s why you can try new treatments by participating in clinical trials.

Pancreatic Cancer Treatment in Turkey

We talked about the treatment of pancreatic cancer. You must understand that successful surgeons are required to receive these treatments. For successful treatments, sometimes you need to get treatment in a country other than your country. In such cases, many people prefer Turkey. Turkey is an affordable country that offers successful treatments. There are many successful surgeons in Turkey.

On the other hand, the devices used in the field of medicine in Turkey are suitable for all innovative technologies and ensure that the patient receives the best treatment. You can continue reading our content for the continuation of the advantages that Turkey provides in cancer treatments.

Cancer Treatment Center of Turkey

Turkey is a country that has started to make a name for itself as a cancer treatment center. In addition to the technology used in cancer treatment in Turkey, thanks to successful and talented Turkish surgeons, Cancer is a country that ensures its patients receive the most successful treatments. Therefore, in the continuation of our content, you will examine how successful Turkey is in cancer treatments.

Successful Oncology Doctors

Successful and experienced oncology doctors are needed in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The treatments you will receive in Turkey will be given by successful specialists in the field of oncology. You should not forget that you will receive the best treatments by doctors who have specialized in the oncology department. You will stay in contact with your doctors during your treatments in Turkey, where it is easy to reach a specialist. If you have any concerns, you can share it with your doctors and ask questions about the treatment. So you will share your concerns.

Cancer Treatment Without Waiting

There is a very important concept in cancer treatments and that is “Time” The concept of time is very important both in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Early diagnosis saves lives and timely treatment saves lives. Unfortunately, some countries are not equipped to provide timely treatment. The long waiting times found in most countries are long enough to complicate the treatment of patients and even lead to disease progression. In this process, it is very important for the patient to start the treatment.

This is a situation that explains why patients seek treatment in different countries. One of the advantages of receiving cancer treatment in Turkey, which is one of the most preferred countries, is that the treatments can be given to the patient at the most appropriate time. In addition to successful oncology doctors and technological development, the fact that patients can receive treatment without waiting is one of the reasons why patients prefer Turkey.

Pancreatic Cancer Survival Rate

Cancer Stages	Liver Cancer Survival Rate
Localized	%39
Regional	%13
Distant	%3
All SEER stages combined	%10

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