Khansa ya Oral ndi dzina lambiri la khansa yomwe imapezeka m'ziwalo zonse zomwe zimapanga mkamwa. Choncho, sichingaganizidwe ngati khansa imodzi. Ngakhale kuti khansa zonse za m'kamwa zimasamalidwa mosiyana, matenda ndi njira zochizira zimakhala zofanana.
Mitundu ya Khansa Yam'kamwa
Khansa ya milomo
Khansa Yamalirime
Khansa ya Buccal Mucosa
Khansa yapamlomo
Khansa ya Milomo
Khansara ya milomo ndi khansa yodziwika kwambiri pakati pa khansa ina. Kuzindikira kwa mtundu uwu wa khansa, komwe kumapereka zizindikiro m'mawonekedwe a zolakwika zapakamwa, kumatha kupangidwa msanga. Choncho, chifukwa cha matenda oyambirira, si matenda oopsa. Kuti apereke chithunzi cholondola, pafupifupi 92% ya anthu adapitilirabe moyo wawo atalandira chithandizo cha kupweteka kwa milomo. Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'kamwa ndi chimodzimodzi ndi khansa zina zapakamwa. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za mankhwala, mukhoza kupitiriza kuwerenga zili.
Khansa Yamalirime
Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'malilime, monga khansa ina yapakamwa, imaphatikizapo opaleshoni ndi mankhwala monga radiotherapy kapena chemotherapy. Komanso, Kuchiza matenda a khansa ya m'malirime kumatha kusokoneza luso lanu lolankhula ndi kudya. Kugwira ntchito ndi gulu laluso la rehab kungakuthandizeni kuthana ndi kusintha komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha chithandizo cha khansa ya lilime. Ndicho chifukwa ife, monga Curebooking, perekani chithandizo chamankhwala opambana kwambiri limodzi ndi gulu lathu lochita bwino lothandizira. Mutha kulumikizana nafe kuti mumve zambiri.
Khansa ya Buccal Mucosa
Khansa ya Buccal Mucosa ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya khansa yomwe imachiritsidwa kwambiri ndi opaleshoni ndi mankhwala amphamvu. Nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa minofu ya khansa ndi scalpel kuchipatala. Komabe, chemotherapy ndi opaleshoni ndizofunikira pa zotupa zazikulu. Popeza ambiri mwa maopaleshoni awiri ochizira khansa yapakamwa amafunikira njira yomweyo, mutha kupitiliza kuwerenga gawo la chithandizo kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Khansa yapamlomo
Khansara ya m'kamwa nthawi zambiri ndi mitundu yosavuta yochiza ya zilonda zam'mimba. Zimaphatikizapo zotupa zomwe zimapanga mkamwa wam'mwamba ndipo zimafalikira kumphuno. Chithandizo chake ndi opaleshoni, chemotherapy ndi radiotherapy, monganso m'makhansa ena amkamwa. Opaleshoni yotchedwa maxillectomy nthawi zambiri imakhala mbali ya chithandizocho.
Ngati khansayo yapita patsogolo kwambiri, ma radiation, chemotherapy, kapena zonsezi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa chotupacho asanachite opaleshoni kapena itatha. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa kubwerera. Kwa anthu ena, chithandizo cha radiation chingakhale chokhacho chofunikira.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Khansa Yam'kamwa
Khansara yapakamwa imachitika pamene ma cell a milomo kapena mkamwa amasintha mu DNA yawo. DNA ya selo ili ndi malangizo amene amauza selo zoyenera kuchita. Pakusintha kumeneku, maselo athanzi amafa, pomwe maselo osadziwika bwino amasonkhana ndikupanga zotupa. Zotupazi zimatha kuchitika mbali imodzi ya mkamwa kapena malo monga khosi. Kumbali ina, ngati achita siteji, amatha kufalikira ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi.
Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'kamwa sizidziwika bwino. Sizingafotokozedwe momveka bwino. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zowopsa. Ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi ziwopsezozi azikayezetsa pafupipafupi ndikupewa izi.
Zowopsa za Khansa ya M'kamwa
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu, ndudu, mapaipi
Kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa fodya, kuphatikizapo fodya amene amatafuna ndi fodya wofodya
Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito fodya, quti. (Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kumavumbula ma cell a mkamwa mwanu ku mankhwala oopsa omwe amayambitsa khansa.)
Imwani mowa pang'onopang'ono. (Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kungakwiyitse maselo a m’kamwa mwanu, kuwapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya m’kamwa.)
Pewani kuyatsa milomo yanu padzuwa kwambiri.
Kawonaneni ndi dokotala wamano pafupipafupi.
Zizindikiro za Khansa ya M'kamwa
Khansara ya m'kamwa ndi mtundu wa chiphuphu chomwe chitha kuchiritsidwa mosavuta ngati sichinawonekere mu zizindikiro zake zoyambirira. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu ayenera kusamala za thanzi lawo la mkamwa ndi la mano komanso kuwunika pafupipafupi. Choncho, ndi mitundu ya khansa yomwe ingathe kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndikuchiritsidwa mumtundu uliwonse wachilendo. Komano, ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala.
bala losapola mkamwa
unyinji kapena chotupa mkamwa
zovuta kumeza
chotupa pakhosi pako
Ululu Wosalekeza wa Khutu
Kuonda Mosadzifunira
Dzanzi paliponse pamutu
Zigamba zofiira kapena zoyera mkamwa
kupweteka kwapakhosi
kupweteka kwa nsagwada kapena kuuma
ululu wa lilime
cholepheretsa
Kuzindikira Khansa ya M'kamwa
Ngati zizindikiro za khansa ya m'kamwa zimapezeka mwa anthu, dokotala akhoza kufotokoza izi polamula kuti ayesedwe. Ndi mayesowa, zitha kumveka mosavuta ngati munthu ali ndi khansa kapena ayi. Mayesowa akuphatikizapo: Kufufuza Kwambiri: Madokotala a mano ndi madotolo nthawi zambiri amapeza khansa ya m'milomo ndi yapakamwa panthawi yopima nthawi zonse. Ngati munthu awonetsa zizindikiro za khansa ya m'kamwa kapena ya oropharyngeal, dokotala amatenga mbiri yachipatala yonse pofunsa za zizindikiro za wodwalayo komanso zoopsa zake. Choncho, ziwalo zina zomwe zingasonyeze mapangidwe a khansa pamutu ndi m'khosi zimayendetsedwanso. Pakakhala vuto lililonse, mayeso ena atha kufunsidwa.
Endoscopy: Ngati pali vuto lililonse mkamwa ndi mmero, dokotala aziyang'ana ndi endoscope kuti amvetse bwino izi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chubu cha kamera chapadera kudzera pamphuno. Chifukwa chake, ndi kamera yapamwamba kwambiri, imawunikidwa ngati zonse zili bwino kapena ayi.
Kuyeza HPV: Kuyezetsa HPV kungathe kuchitidwa pa chotupa chochotsedwa panthawi ya biopsy. HPV yalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya oropharyngeal. Kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi HPV kungathandize kudziwa siteji ya khansara ndi njira zothandizira zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri.
X-ray: X-ray imagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa thupi pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation ochepa. Zingakondedwe ndi dokotala wamano kapena dokotala kuti ayang'ane zomwe zapezeka mkamwa kapena khosi.
Kumeza kwa Barium: Pali mayesero a 2 a barium omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana pa oropharynx ndikuyang'ana kumeza kwa wodwalayo. Choyamba ndi chikhalidwe cha barium kumeza. Pa X-ray, wodwalayo amafunsidwa kuti ameze madzi a barium. Izi zimathandiza dokotala kuti ayang'ane kusintha kulikonse kwa kamangidwe ka m'kamwa ndi mmero ndikuwona ngati madzi amatsikira mosavuta m'mimba. Kumeza kwa barium kapena videofluoroscopy kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa zovuta pakumeza.
Tomography ya makompyuta: Kumaphatikizapo kujambula chithunzi cha pakamwa pa wodwalayo kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana. Kompyuta imaphatikiza zithunzizi kukhala chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha 3D chomwe chimawonetsa zovuta zilizonse kapena zotupa. CT scan ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kukula kwa chotupacho, kuthandiza dokotala kudziwa ngati chotupacho chingachotsedwe ndi opaleshoni, komanso kusonyeza ngati khansayo yafalikira ku mitsempha ya m'khosi kapena m'munsi mwa nsagwada.
Kodi Khansa Yam'kamwa Ingachiritsidwe?
Khansara ya m'kamwa ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe ingathe kuchiritsidwa mosavuta pozindikira msanga. Khansara ya m'kamwa ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya khansa yomwe imafuna kuzindikiridwa msanga, monganso khansa zonse. Choncho, mwayi wa chithandizo bwino adzakhala apamwamba. Kupereka peresenti, chiwopsezo cha khansa yapakamwa yomwe yapezeka idakali yoyambirira ndi 90% pambuyo pa chithandizo.
Magawo a Cancer Oral
Gawo 0 Khansa ya Mkamwa: Imazindikiritsa ma cell achilendo m'milomo kapena m'kamwa omwe amatha kukhala khansa.
Gawo XNUMX Khansa ya M'kamwa: Chotupacho sichimapitirira 2 centimita ndipo khansa sinafike ku ma lymph nodes.
Gawo II Khansa ya M'kamwa: Amafotokoza chotupa chachikulu kuposa 2 centimita koma osapitirira 4 centimita. Gawo lachiwiri la khansa silinafike ku ma lymph nodes.
Gawo III Khansa ya M'kamwa: Limafotokoza khansa yomwe yafalikira ku lymph node yokulirapo kuposa ma centimita 4 kapena pakhosi.
Gawo IV Khansa ya M'kamwa: Ndilo gawo lapamwamba kwambiri la khansa ya m'kamwa. Ikhoza kukhala yamtundu uliwonse, ndipo yafalikira kumagulu ozungulira.
Kuchiza Khansa Yam'malamulo
Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'kamwa ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kukhala ndi zosiyana zambiri. Ngakhale opaleshoni nthawi zina imakonda ngati chithandizo choyamba, chithandizo cha radiotherapy kapena chemotherapy nthawi zina chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Njira zochizirazi zitha kupangidwa malinga ndi zomwe dokotala akufuna. Komabe, njira zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa zambiri zamakorale. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mutha kuphunzira zamankhwala onse a khansa yapakamwa powerenga chithandizo.
Opaleshoni ya Khansa ya Mkamwa
Glossetomy: Ndilo dzina la opaleshoni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa khansa ya malirime. Kwa khansa zazikulu, gawo lalikulu la lilime lingafunike kuchotsedwa.
Part glossectomy: Kwa khansa yaing'ono, mbali yokha ya lilime iyenera kuchotsedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, glossectomy yochepa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maopaleshoni ang'onoang'ono.
Maxillectomy: Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza khansa ya m'kamwa, m'mphuno, ndi maxillary sinuses. Pali mitundu ingapo.
Medial Maxillectomy: Mbali ya maxilla pafupi ndi mphuno imachotsedwa. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito chocheka kapena zida zodulira pamphuno.
InftRoction Maxillectomy: Imachotsa mkamwa wolimba, mbali yakumunsi ya maxilla, ndi mano. Sikutanthauza kuchotsa maziko orbital.
Sponsemtuction Maxillectomy: Kumtunda kwa maxilla ndi orbital floor kumachotsedwa.
Prototal Maxillectomy: Amachotsa gawo lokha la maxilla pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa njira zomwe zili pamwambazi.
Maxilillectomy: Imachotsa maxilla onse kumbali imodzi (umodzi), komanso mkamwa wolimba ndi orbital pansi. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni imeneyi mwina adzafunika opareshoni ya prosthetic reconstructive.
Radiotherapy mu Oral Cancer Chithandizo
Radiotherapy mu Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Oral Choyamba, odwala amayenera kukayezetsa mwatsatanetsatane za thanzi lawo mkamwa. Chifukwa pambuyo pa chithandizo cha wailesi, mavuto ena amakula m’mano ndi nsagwada monga zotsatira zake.
Kuti muchepetse zotsatira zoyipazi, njira zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mano anu kapena ngati pali mano ofunikira kuchotsedwa, amatha kuchotsedwa. Thandizo la radiation limaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri monga ma X-ray ndi ma proton kupha maselo a khansa.. Mofanana ndi mitundu yambiri ya khansa, radiotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya m'kamwa.
