Ukukhethwa Kobulili Kwe-IVF: Konke Odinga Ukukwazi
I-IVF, noma i-in vitro fertilization, iyindlela yokwelapha eyaziwa kabanzi yokuzala eye yasiza imibhangqwana eminingi ukuba ikhulelwe izingane. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi i-IVF ingabuye isetshenziselwe ukukhetha ubulili? Le nqubo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), ivumela abazali ukuba bakhethe ubulili bengane yabo ngaphambi kokuba izalwe.
Nakuba umqondo wokukhetha ubulili bengane ungase ubonakale ukhanga kwabanye, kubalulekile ukuqonda isayensi nokuziphatha okusekelwe ekukhethweni kobulili be-IVF ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena emininingwaneni yokuthi ukukhethwa kobulili kwe-IVF kusebenza kanjani, ukuba semthethweni kwayo, kanye nezingozi nezinzuzo ezingaba khona.
Isebenza kanjani i-IVF Gender Selection?
Ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-PGD ukuze kutholwe ubulili bemibungu ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe esibelethweni sikamama. Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo senqubo:
- Owesifazane wenza umjikelezo we-IVF, ohlanganisa ukuphuza imithi yenzalo ukuze akhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
- Amaqanda alandwa futhi avundiswa ngesidoda elebhu.
- Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, imibungu ihlolwa kusetshenziswa i-PGD ukuze kutholwe ubulili bayo.
- Imibungu yobulili obufunwayo ibe isifakwa esibelethweni sowesifazane, lapho ngethemba lokuthi izokhula ibe umntwana ophile kahle.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF akuhlali kunembile ngo-100%. Nakuba i-PGD ikwazi ukubona ubulili bemibungu ngezinga eliphezulu lokunemba, kusekhona umkhawulo omncane wephutha. Ukwengeza, akuwona wonke ama-embryo azosebenza ekufakweni, okungase kube nzima kakhulu inqubo.
Ingabe Ukukhethwa Kobulili Kwe-IVF Kusemthethweni?
Ukuba semthethweni kokukhethwa kobulili kwe-IVF kuyahlukahluka ngezwe. Kwamanye amazwe, njenge-United States, isemthethweni futhi itholakala kabanzi. Kwamanye amazwe, njengeCanada kanye ne-United Kingdom, kuvunyelwe kuphela ngezizathu zezokwelapha, njengokuvimbela izifo zofuzo.
Kwamanye amazwe, njenge-India ne-China, umkhuba wokukhetha ubulili be-IVF awukho emthethweni. Lokhu kungenxa yengxenye yokukhathazeka mayelana nokuchema kobulili kanye nethuba lokukhishwa kwezisu okukhethekile kobulili obungafunwa.
Izimiso Zokuziphatha Zokukhetha Ubulili Kwe-IVF
Ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF kuphakamisa izinkathazo eziningi zokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emandleni okuchema nokukhethwa "kwezingane eziklamayo."
Ingxabano eyodwa emelene nokukhethwa kobulili kwe-IVF ukuthi iqinisa imibono yobulili eyingozi futhi iqhubekisela phambili ukucwaswa kobulili obuthile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye bakhathazeka ngokuthi abazali bangase bakhethe ukuba nezingane zobulili obuthile ngenxa yezizathu ezingadingeki ngokwezempilo noma ezithethelelekayo ngokokuziphatha, njengesifiso sokuba nomkhaya “ophelele” noma ukufeza lokho okulindelekile ngokwesiko.
Kodwa-ke, abasekeli bokukhethwa kobulili be-IVF bathi ingaba ithuluzi elibalulekile emindenini esengozini yokudlulisela izifo zofuzo ezithinta ubulili obubodwa kuphela. Kulezi zimo, ukukhetha ubulili bengane kungaba yindlela yokuvimbela ukudluliswa kwesifo nokuqinisekisa umndeni onempilo.
Izinzuzo Nezingozi Zokukhetha Ubulili be-IVF
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF kunobuhle nobubi bayo. Nawa amaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele:
buhle
- Ivumela imindeni esengozini yokuphazamiseka kofuzo ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwalezi zimo ezinganeni zabo
- Inganikeza impumuzo emindenini elahlekelwe ingane yobulili obuthile
- Ingasiza ekwehliseni ingcindezi encike ebulilini kanye nokucwasa ngokuvumela abazali ukuthi babe nezingane zobulili abazikhethayo
bawo
- Iphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuchema nobulili kanye nokuqhubekisela phambili inkolelo-mbono eyingozi
- Kungaholela ekukhethweni "kwezingane zomklami" ngokusekelwe kuzizathu ezingezona ezezokwelapha noma ezingokokuziphatha ezingabazekayo
- Kungaba inqubo ebizayo futhi edla isikhathi, futhi ingase ingaphumeleli njalo ekukhulelweni okuphumelelayo
Kubalulekile ukuthi abazali abacabangela ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF bahlole lezi zinzuzo nobubi ngokucophelela futhi baxhumane nochwepheshe bezokwelapha ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokukhethwa Kobulili Kwe-IVF
Umbuzo: Ingabe ukukhethwa kobulili kwe-IVF kungaqinisekisa ubulili bengane yami?
IMP: Yize i-PGD ikwazi ukubona ubulili bemibungu ngezinga eliphezulu lokunemba, kusenephutha elincane. Ukwengeza, akuwona wonke ama-embryo azosebenza ekufakweni, okungase kube nzima kakhulu inqubo.
Umbuzo: Ingabe ukukhethwa kobulili kwe-IVF kusemthethweni kuwo wonke amazwe?
IMP: Cha, ukuba semthethweni kokukhethwa kobulili kwe-IVF kuyehluka ngokwamazwe. Kwamanye amazwe, njenge-United States, isemthethweni futhi itholakala kabanzi. Kwamanye amazwe, njengeCanada kanye ne-United Kingdom, kuvunyelwe kuphela ngezizathu zezokwelapha, njengokuvimbela izifo zofuzo. Kwamanye amazwe, njenge-India ne-China, umkhuba wokukhetha ubulili be-IVF awukho emthethweni.
Q: Yiziphi izinkathazo zesimilo ezingaba khona ngokukhethwa kobulili be-IVF?
IMPENDULO: Ukukhetha ubulili kwe-IVF kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuchema kobulili kanye nokuqhubekisela phambili inkolelo-mbono eyingozi, kanye nokukhetha "kwezingane eziklamayo" ngokusekelwe kuzizathu ezingezona ezezokwelapha noma ezingokokuziphatha ezingabazekayo.
Umbuzo: Yiziphi izinzuzo zokukhetha ubulili be-IVF?
IMP: Ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF kuvumela imindeni esengozini yokuphazamiseka kofuzo ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwalezi zimo ezinganeni zabo, futhi kunganikeza impumuzo emindenini elahlekelwe yingane yobulili obuthile. Kungase futhi kusize ekwehliseni ingcindezi encike ebulilini kanye nokucwasa ngokuvumela abazali ukuba babe nezingane zobulili abazikhethayo.
Isiphetho
Ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF kuyisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi nesiyimpikiswano esiphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile mayelana nesayensi, izimiso zokuziphatha, nezinkambiso zamasiko. Nakuba umkhuba usemthethweni kwamanye amazwe futhi kungase kube inketho ebalulekile emindenini esengozini yokuphazamiseka kofuzo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ubungozi obungaba khona kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo.
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha futhi uhlole ngokucophelela ubuhle nobubi ngaphambi kokuqhubekela phambili nokukhetha ubulili be-IVF. Ngokuqondiswa okufanele nokucatshangelwa, le nqubo ingase ibe indlela ephumelelayo yokusiza imindeni yakhe imindeni enempilo, ejabulayo ehlangabezana nezidingo nezifiso zayo eziyingqayizivele.
ivf izinga lokuphumelela lokukhetha ubulili
Amazinga empumelelo yokukhetha ubulili be-IVF angahluka kuye ngezici eziningana, okuhlanganisa iminyaka kamama, ikhwalithi yemibungu, kanye nenani lemibungu etshaliwe.
Ngokwesilinganiso, izinga lempumelelo lokukhetha ubulili be-IVF lilinganiselwa ku-99%, okusho ukuthi ubulili bengane bungabikezelwa ngokunembile cishe kuzo zonke izimo. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu akuqinisekisi ukukhulelwa okuphumelelayo noma ukuzalwa.
Ngokuvamile, izinga lempumelelo ye-IVF ngokuvamile livame ukwehla njengoba iminyaka kamama ikhula, abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 bathola amazinga empumelelo aphansi kunabesifazane abasebasha. Ukwengeza, izinga lemibungu lingadlala indima ebalulekile empumelelweni yenqubo.
Izinto ezifana nempilo kamama iyonke, indlela yokuphila, nomlando wokuzala kungase kuthinte izinga lempumelelo lokukhetha ubulili be-IVF. Kubalulekile ukuthi abazoba abazali baxhumane nochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe ukuze bahlole amathuba abo okuphumelela futhi bahlole zonke izinketho ezitholakalayo.
Nakuba ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF kungaba yithuluzi elisebenzayo lemindeni ethile, kubalulekile ukubhekana nenqubo ngokulindelwe okungokoqobo kanye nokuqonda okuphelele kwezingozi nezinzuzo ezingaba khona.
ivf ukukhethwa kobulili eCyprus
I-Cyprus ingelinye lamazwe amaningana lapho ukukhethwa kobulili kwe-IVF kusemthethweni futhi kutholakala kabanzi. Eqinisweni, i-Cyprus isiphenduke indawo ethandwayo yemibhangqwana efuna ukwelashwa kwe-IVF ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi, amanani empumelelo aphezulu, nemithethonqubo yezomthetho neyokuziphatha evumayo.
Ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF eCyprus kulandela inqubo eyisisekelo efanayo neyakwamanye amazwe, ehilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) ukuze kunqunywe ubulili bemibungu ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe esibelethweni sikamama.
I-Cyprus inemitholampilo eminingi ebhekwe kahle yokuzala ehlinzekayo Ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF, abaningi abaziqhayisa ngamazinga empumelelo aphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe namasu athuthukile. Le mitholampilo ngokuvamile isebenzisa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abanolwazi futhi ithobela ukuphepha okuqinile nezindinganiso zokuziphatha.
Abashadile abafuna Ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF eCyprus bangalindela ukwenza inqubo yokuhlola okuphelele ukuze banqume ukufaneleka kwabo futhi bahlole zonke izinketho ezitholakalayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukwelulekwa ngofuzo, ukuhlolwa kokuzala, nokubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha nezindlela zokuphila zabashadile.
Sekukonke, iCyprus ingaba inketho esebenzayo nekhangayo kubashadikazi abafuna ukukhetha ubulili be-IVF, inqobo nje uma becwaninga ngokucophelela izinketho zabo futhi basebenzisane eduze nochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe ukuze baqinisekise inqubo ephephile nephumelelayo.
