Opanga Mano ku Europe: Dziko Lotsika Mtengo Kupitako
Anthu zikwizikwi amayenda kuchokera ku United Kingdom chaka chilichonse kukalandira chithandizo kudziko lina. Kutchuka kumeneku komwe kumachulukirachulukira kumachitika chifukwa chotsitsa mitengo ndi ntchito zapamwamba zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaposa za zipatala zamano ku UK.
Pali njira zingapo zabwino zopezeka veneers. Zipatala zamano kutsidya kwa nyanja ndi kwawo kwa akatswiri odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, komanso malo amakono ndi mapaketi ophatikizira onse opangidwa makamaka kwa makasitomala akunja, kwa iwo omwe akufunafuna malire pakati pa mtengo ndi mtundu.
Ma Veneers atha kukhala okwera mtengo. Ku UK, muyenera kuyembekezera kulipira pakati pa $ 400 Ndi £ 1,000 pa kanyumba kamodzi kokha. Chifukwa anthu ambiri sangathe kupeza ndalama zokwera mtengo izi, omwe angathe kukhala odwala amafunsa, "Kodi dziko labwino kwambiri kwa veneers ndi liti?"ndi "Ndi malo ati otchipa kwambiri oti anthu azioneka bwino kunja?"
Ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze mwatsatanetsatane za zodzala zotsika mtengo ku Europe. Kodi amapereka maphukusi onse ophatikizira? Kodi malo okhala ndi kusamutsa akuphatikizidwa pamtengo? Kodi pali ndalama zobisika? Kodi akatswiri azachipatala anu amakhala ndi akatswiri odziwa mano? Kodi mumapereka zida zapamwamba kwambiri komanso ukadaulo? Kodi mumapereka pambuyo pa chisamaliro, kutsatira? Kodi muli ndi chitsimikizo pamankhwala anu amano? Zimatenga masiku angati kuti upange mano opangira mano? Mafunso awa akuyenera kuti muthe kumvetsetsa mapangidwe apamwamba kunja.
Mtengo wa veneers ku Europe zimatsimikizika ndi izi pansipa:
Ndalama zomwe dokotala wa zodzikongoletsera adawonongera pochita opaleshoniyi.
Dokotala wamano wokongoletsa yemwe amaika veneers ndi ceramist yemwe amawapangitsa kukhala ndi luso lotha kupanga luso.
Malo omwe chithandizo chimachitidwira. Mtengo wa zodzikongoletsera umasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi malo amtunduwo, makamaka pakati pa zigawo zikuluzikulu zamatauni ndi madera ang'onoang'ono.
Kodi muli ndi inshuwaransi yamtundu wanji. Mankhwala azodzikongoletsa nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi inshuwaransi yamano.
Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa veneers ku Europe zimadalira pazinthu zambiri ndipo tikuganiza kuti muyenera kudziwa za izi kuti mudziwe zomwe zikubwera komanso chifukwa chake malo ena amasiyana malinga ndi veneers mtengo ku Europe. Pali mayiko ena omwe mungapeze ma veneers apamwamba koma sangakhale okwera mtengo kapena zovala zotsika mtengo kwambiri ku Europe. Tiyeni tiwone mayiko awa ndikupeza mawonekedwe otsika mtengo osasokonezedwa ndi mtunduwo.
1 - Ukraine
Chifukwa cha malingaliro amitengo mdzikolo, veneers mano ku Ukraine ndi okwera mtengo kuwirikiza kanayi poyerekeza ndi ku United States ndi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa ku Germany, Spain, Italy, ndi mayiko ena akumadzulo kwa Europe. Zotsatira zake, alendo azachipatala amaganiza kuti Ukraine ndi amodzi mwamalo abwino kwambiri ovalira zovala zotsika mtengo.
Ukraine ndi amodzi mwamayiko omwe amapereka ndege zotsika mtengo. Poyerekeza ndi United States kapena Germany, mtengo wokhala ndi chakudya ndichabwino. Mukaganizira mtengo wonse waulendowu, opangira mano otsika mtengo amakhala otsika mtengo kwambiri.
2 - Spain
Ma porcelain Veneers, omwe amadziwikanso kuti veneers a mano kapena zopaka zadothi, ndi zipolopolo zopyapyala zophatikizika zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi mano kutsogolo kwa mano kuti apange ma esthetics ndikuthana ndi mavuto a kuluma. Zovala zadothi ndi njira yopangira mano yomwe imathandizira kumwetulira kwanu pokonza mano opindika, mano opunduka kwambiri, ndikupanga mawonekedwe achilengedwe m'masiku ochepa okha. Mitengo yamatabwa ku Spain imayamba kuchokera $ 500 mpaka $ 650.
Anthu akaganiza zamagetsi opangira mano kunja, Spain sichinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo mwa anthu. Zitha kudziwika ndi ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri zamankhwala, koma madokotala a mano sioyenererana ndi odwala akunja omwe akupita kudziko lina kukapeza ma veneers a mano.
3 - United Kingdom
Odwala ku UK akupita kunja kuti akapeze zovala zotsika mtengo chifukwa mitengo yake ndiyokwera kwambiri mdziko muno. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu samasankha United Kingdom ngati veneers mano kunja kopita. Cholinga chake ndikuti anthu ambiri amakumana ndi zovuta akafuna chithandizo cha mano ndipo ndalama zochitira kumaloko ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo NHS siyipereka yankho lokwanira. Ntchito zokopa mano zakula kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azitha kupita kudziko lina ndikulandila mano apamwamba pamtengo wotsika.
Anthu aku Britain pano akupita kumaiko osiyanasiyana aku Europe kuti akapeze ma veneers abwino kwambiri, ntchito yabwino yamano pamtengo wotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Nyanja ya Turkey
4 - Turkey
Dziko la Turkey limadziwika bwino chifukwa chakuchita bwino pantchito zodzikongoletsera mano komanso opangira mano otsika mtengo, kuwonjezera pa zopereka zokopa alendo kunyanja nyenyezi zisanu.
Chaka chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa alendo ochokera kumayiko ena ku Turkey kumawonjezeka ndi 38%. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaboma, opitilira 662,000 adatenga Turkey ngati malo azokopa azachipatala ku 2019.
Anthu ochokera konsekonse padziko lapansi amabwera ku Turkey kukagwira ntchito chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika mtengo wamoyo. Poyerekeza ndi mayiko achiarabu, United Kingdom, Israel, ndi mayiko aku Europe, mutha kusunga mpaka 50%. Odwala apadziko lonse lapansi ndiolandilidwa kuzipatala zamano ku Turkey. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amagulitsa zopangira mano pamtengo wotsika.
Mtengo wa chisamaliro cha mano ku Turkey umatsimikiziridwa ndi ndondomeko yotsika mtengo komanso malipiro apakati a dziko. Zovala zadothi zimapezeka pamtengo wotsika pano, ndipo mtengo wake umayambira pa $95 ndikukwera mpaka $250. Mutha kuwona kuti Turkey ndi dziko lotsika mtengo osati ku Europe kokha komanso ku Near East.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, malo abwino kwambiri ku Near East kwa opangira mano ndi Turkey, Israel, Egypt, ndi Cyprus. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti mtengo wokhala mmaiko awa umasiyana kwambiri. Popeza mudzalandira phukusi lonse lophatikizira ku Turkey, simuyenera kuda nkhawa za ndalama zogona.
Turkey ndi dziko lotsika mtengo kwambiri ku Near East kwa veneers. Odwala opitilira 500,000 akunja amapita ku Turkey kuti akapulumutse madola masauzande ambiri pa veneers, poyankha funso loti angapeze veneers ndi njira yawo. Ma Veneers pamtunduwu akhoza kukupulumutsirani mpaka 70% pamtengo.
Chifukwa cha kukongola kwachilengedwe kwachilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe chosangalatsa, Near East ndiyonso malo omwe amakonda kupita kwa odwala omwe akutuluka. Pezani ma ola odyera otsika mtengo ku Turkey ndipo pitani kumalo a UNESCO World Heritage kapena musangalale ndi dzuwa pagombe la Kusadasi, Izmir ndi Antalya.
5 - Germany
Germany itha kudziwika ndi mankhwala ake abwino kwambiri, koma mukudziwa zochuluka motani za ntchito ya mano? Kodi amapereka madokotala olankhula Chingerezi bwino? Kodi amapereka chitsimikizo pamankhwala amano? Monga tanena kale, muyenera kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane kale kupeza mawonekedwe ku Germany.
Popeza aliyense akufuna kupeza zovala zotsika mtengo popanda kusokonezedwa ndi mtundu wawo, Germany si malo ku Europe. Mitengo ya ma Veneers ku Germany ndiyokwera kwambiri ndipo siyayi veneers okwera mtengo ku Europe.
6-Czech Republic
Opaka mano amasiyana malinga ndi kuwola kapena kuwonongeka komwe akufuna kukonzanso, komanso zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zomwe amakonda. Potengera mtengo wake, zopaka mano opangira porcelain amawononga pafupifupi € 300 ku Czech Republic, € 600 ku France, komanso ma € 700 ku United Kingdom. Pakhoza kukhala zambiri zoti muwone ku Prague monga The Majestic Castle ndi St Vitus Cathedral, Belvedere, Lorreto, ndi Charles Bridges, ndi Old Town Square, Old Town Hall yokhala ndi Astronomical Clock. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti Czech Republic si dziko lotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa veneers ku Europe.
7 - Poland
Potengera mtundu wa veneers akunja, muyenera kuganizira za mpikisano womwe uli m'maiko. Pali zitsanzo zabwino ndi zoyipa za madokotala a mano kutsidya kwa nyanja, monga momwe ziliri zitsanzo zabwino ndi zoyipa za ntchito iliyonse, koma monga takhazikitsira, "Kutsika Mtengo Sikutanthauza Kutsika Kwapansi," kutali ndi izo.
Pali zochitika zambiri za zipatala zopambana zomwe zagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wodula zomwe zimafuna kuti zipatala zawo ziziyenda bwino komanso moyenera kuti athe kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe amakumana nawo. Kuwonjezeka kwa mpikisano m'malo opezeka mano azipatala, monga Turkey, amakhalabe ndi miyezo yabwino komanso mitengo yotsika. Izi sizili choncho ku Poland chifukwa palibe mpikisano wokwanira pakati pazipatala zamano.
Lumikizanani nafe kuti mumve zambiri za veneers wotsika mtengo ku Turkey ndi ma phukusi onse ophatikizika ndi zipatala zamano kwambiri ku Turkey. Chiritsani Kusungitsa ikupatsani mtengo waumwini malinga ndi zosowa zanu ndikupezerani zipatala zabwino kwambiri ku Turkey.
