Khansara ya m'mawere ndi chotupa chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha kukula kwachilendo kwa maselo a m'mawere ndipo chimamveka ngati chotupa kapena misa. Maselo otupawa amatha kukhala oopsa (khansa) kapena osakhala a khansa. Maselo a khansa amatha kufalikira kumadera ena a thupi, kuphatikizapo bere, ma lymph nodes m'khwapa, ndi ziwalo zina. Chithandizo ndi matenda a khansa ya m'mawere zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mtundu, kufalikira, siteji, ndi thanzi lonse la wodwalayo.
Kodi Zizindikiro za Khansa ya M'mawere Ndi Chiyani?
Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere zitha kuzindikirika mosavuta kunyumba ndikudziyesa bere. Muyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala za momwe mungachitire izi kunyumba. Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere nthawi zambiri ndi izi: Mabere omwe asintha kukula kapena mawonekedwe Kukula kwa m'mawere Kutupa kwa mkhwapa Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a nsonga zamabele zimasintha. Pakhungu la bere, pali zotupa, zofiira, kapena maenje. Kutupa mabere kapena m'khwapa Kutuluka nsonga zamabere zomwe sizili bwino Kufiira kwambiri ndi kuyabwa kungakhalepo ngati khansa ya m'mawere yoopsa kwambiri, yotchedwa kutupa khansa ya m'mawere. Odwala ayenera kuyimbira foni dokotala akangozindikira zizindikiro zilizonse za khansa ya m'mawere.
Momwe Mungadziwire Khansa ya M'mawere?
Mayeso owonjezera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala kuti kudziwa kapena kuzindikira khansa ya m'mawere. Angalimbikitse amayi kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni kapena katswiri wa mabere. Zimenezi sizikusonyeza kuti ali ndi khansa kapena kuti akufunika opaleshoni. Madotolo awa ndi akadaulo akafika pozindikira zovuta za m'mawere.
Ultrasound ya m'mawere. Sonograms ndi zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za zigawo mkati mwa bere zopangidwa ndi makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amawu.
Mammogram kwa matenda. Madokotala amatha kuyitanitsa mammografia ngati muli ndi vuto ndi bere lanu, monga zotupa, kapena ngati dera la bere likuwoneka kuti likukayikitsa pakuwunika mammogram. Iyi ndi X-ray ya bere yokwera kwambiri.
Zithunzi zamagetsi zamagetsi (MRI) ndi mtundu wa kujambula komwe (MRI). Mtundu wa sikani ya thupi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta ndi maginito. Kujambula kwa MRI kumatulutsa zithunzi zambiri zamkati mwa bere.
Chisokonezo. Imeneyi ndi njira yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa minofu kapena madzi a m'mawere kuti awonedwe ndi maikulosikopu ndikuyesedwanso. Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma biopsy (mwachitsanzo, fine-needle aspiration, core biopsy, kapena open biopsy).
PET Scan ya Khansa ya M'mawere
PET amasanthula khansa ya m'mawere ndi kuyesa koyerekeza komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito chida chotulutsa radioactive (chotchedwa tracer) kuti azindikire kufalikira kwa khansa ya m'mawere. Tracer iyi imatha kuthandizira kuzindikira mawanga a khansa omwe MRI kapena CT scan ingaphonye. Kusanthula kwa PET kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka radioactive (tracer). Cholozeracho chimabayidwa mumtsempha (IV) mkati mwa chigongono chanu kapena minyewa yaying'ono m'manja mwanu. The tracer imayenda m'magazi anu, kusonkhanitsa ziwalo ndi minofu ndikutulutsa chizindikiro chomwe chimalola radiologist kuwona bwino zigawo kapena matenda. Pamene thupi lanu limatenga tracer, muyenera kukhala pafupi. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi kuti tichite ntchitoyi. Mukadzagona patebulo laling'ono lomwe limalowa mkati mwa scanner yayikulu yooneka ngati ngalande. Zizindikiro zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi tracer zimadziwika ndi PET scanner. Zotsatira zake zimasinthidwa kukhala zithunzi za 3D ndi kompyuta. Dokotala wanu azitha kuwona ndikutanthauzira zithunzizo pazowunikira.
Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere ku Turkey
Khansara ya m'mawere imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuthekera kwa opaleshoni kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo lomwe matendawa apezeka, komanso kuopsa kwa chotupacho (histological and molecular type). Mankhwalawa amagwirizana ndi mtundu weniweni wa khansa. Pali mitundu itatu ya khansara: yoyamba rectible - imodzi yomwe imatha kuchotsedwa; kupititsa patsogolo kwanuko - nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosasinthika, ngakhale kuti opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa pambuyo pa chithandizo chokhazikika; metastatic kapena khansa ya m'mawere yobwerezabwereza - chithandizo chachikulu cha opaleshoni sichingatheke. Thandizo ladongosolo nthawi zambiri limasungidwa kwa odwala omwe afika kumapeto kwa njira zawo zochiritsira. Kuchiza kwa mahomoni, chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi chemotherapy ndi zitsanzo za izi. Dokotala amasankha zoyenera kwambiriNjira yochizira khansa ya m'mawere kwa wodwala. Lingaliro likhoza kudalira kuchuluka kwa kufalitsa, thanzi lonse la wodwalayo, siteji ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere (yotupa, khansa pa nthawi ya mimba, lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma ndi khansa ya m'mawere yowonongeka). Dokotala wa opaleshoni, dokotala wa oncologist, ndi radiation oncologist amapanga gulu lochiza khansa ya m'mawere.
Chithandizo cha Magawo a Khansa ya M'mawere ku Turkey
Gawo 0 Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere ku Turkey:
0th stage Lumpectomy kapena sectoral resection - njira zotetezera chiwalo pa bere - amachitidwa ndi maopaleshoni. Mphepete mwa resection imafufuzidwa. Ngati maselo a khansa apezeka, kukula kwa opaleshoniyo kumawonjezeka. Kuti apange ma symmetry, njirayi ikhoza kuchitidwa pa bere lina nthawi yomweyo. Chithandizo cha radiation chikhoza kuperekedwa kwa anthu ena. Kufunika kwake kumatanthauzidwa ndi chiopsezo cha wodwalayo cha chitukuko cha khansa. Irradiation imayamba pakadutsa miyezi 1-3 mutatha opaleshoni, koma osati kudulidwako kusanachiritsidwe. Chithandizo cha mahomoni nthawi zambiri sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Itha kuperekedwa kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi malire abwino ochotsa chotupa.
Gawo 1 Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere ku Turkey:
Opaleshoni yoteteza chiwalo ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri ya khansa ya m'mawere. Bere nthawi zina limatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Malinga ndi ziwonetsero, ma axillary lymph nodes amachotsedwa. Mastectomy ikhoza kutsatiridwa ndikumanganso mabere opangidwa ndi implant. Njirazi zimatha kuchitika nthawi imodzi. Chithandizo cha radiation amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pambuyo pa njira zotetezera ziwalo. Itha kuperekedwa kokha pambuyo pa mastectomy ngati malire abwino a resection apezeka kapena ma cell chotupa ali osakwana 1 mm kuchokera m'mphepete. M'miyezi 1-3, kuyatsa kumayamba, ndipo kumachitika masiku asanu pa sabata. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, odwala ena akhoza kupatsidwa mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy, ngakhale kuti izi sizomwe zimachitika.
Gawo 2 Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere ku Turkey:
Kwa mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mawere, chithandizo cha radiation chitha kuphatikizidwa ndi mahomoni komanso chithandizo chomwe mukufuna. Komabe, sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri limodzi ndi chemotherapy. Ngati mankhwala a chemotherapeutic akufunika, kuyatsa kumachitika pakatha milungu 3-4 mankhwalawo akatha. Njirayi imachepetsa mwayi wopeza matenda a khansa. Chithandizo cha Adjuvant chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa yamtundu wa 2. Zimachepetsa mwayi woti khansa ya m'mawere ibwerenso ndi kufa chifukwa cha matendawa. Dongosolo la chithandizo limatsimikiziridwa ndi maselo a khansa ya m'mawere ndi biological subtype (kukhalapo kwa zolandilira mahomoni, HER2 khansa yabwino kapena yoyipa).
Gawo 3 Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere ku Turkey:
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya siteji 3 sangathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni popanda kusamala. Zambiri mwa zotupazi sizimachotsedwa. Atha kugwira ntchito potsatira chithandizo cha khansa ndi mankhwala. Neoadjuvant therapy ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chamankhwala chisanadze. Zimathandizira kuti dokotala akwaniritse zotsatirazi: kuchepetsa chotupacho, kupanga khansara; dziwani gulu la odwala omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chabwino kuti akonzekere njira zochiritsira zamtsogolo.
Gawo 4 Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere ku Turkey:
Sikoyenera kukhala ndi chithandizo champhamvu. Chithandizo cha palliative topical, komanso systemic therapy, yomwe imayesa kuchepetsa kukula kwa chotupa, idzakhala chithandizo chosankhidwa ngati ma metastases atalikira.
Kodi Kuchira Kwa Chithandizo Cha Khansa Yam'mawere Ku Turkey Ndi Chiyani?
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya zotupa zofunika, kuchira pambuyo pa chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere sizovuta komanso zosautsa. Pali, komabe, zosintha zina zomwe odwala khansa ya m'mawere angakumane nazo akalandira chithandizo. Izi ndi zina mwazosintha: Panthawi ya chemotherapy ndi ma radiation, msambo wa odwala khansa ya m’mawere nthaŵi zonse umasokonekera. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, wodwalayo amasiya kusamba kwakanthawi komwe kumatenga miyezi yambiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, wodwalayo ayenera kuyembekezera kudwala matenda enaake osiya kusamba monga kutopa, kusinthasintha maganizo, ndi kutentha thupi. Mankhwalawa amakhudza kubereka kwa amayi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, munthu akhoza kuvulazidwa mwakuthupi ndi m’maganizo, ndipo angafunikire kuthandizidwa kwambiri panthaŵi ya kuchira. Monga mbali ya chithandizo, bere losautsika kapena mawere onse amachotsedwa mwa opaleshoni mwa amayi ena. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi lawo, anthu akhoza kutaya chidaliro chawo. Komabe, amatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni yodzikongoletsa kuti abwezeretse kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mawere awo.
Kodi Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere Zimawononga Ndalama Zingati ku Turkey?
Chithandizo cha khansa ku Turkey ndizotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena aku Europe. Mtengo wa chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere ku Turkey umatsimikiziridwa ndi chipatala komwe mukufuna kulandira chithandizo. Mtengo wa chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere pafupifupi 10,000 (€). Mtengo wa ndondomekoyi umakhudzanso nthawi yochira. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wa khansa ya m'mawere ku Turkey; chindapusa cha madokotala ndi zipatala (mtengo umakhudzidwa ndi zomwe madokotala adakumana nazo, kutchuka, kapena kukhala ndi njira yapadera yamankhwala); mtengo wa phukusi lodziwira matenda (zimadalira njira zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu phukusi, zovuta zawo ndi zosiyana); njira yothandizira (pazochitika zilizonse ndi siteji ndizosiyana, malingana ndi njira kapena kuphatikiza kwawo mtengo udzakhala wosiyana); zosankha zogona (kusankha zipinda zapadera kapena mitengo yazipinda mu hotelo, mtengo wa chakudya ndi baverages, etc.). Lumpectomy - 6000-9700 $; Mastectomy ndi kumanganso - pafupifupi $ 10 000 $; Chemotherapy - pamaphunziro a 670-4200 $; Kuchiza kwa mahomoni, radiotherapy, chithandizo chamankhwala - payekhapayekha.
Kodi Mitengo ya Matenda a Khansa ya M'mawere ku Turkey Ndi Chiyani?
Muyenera kudziwa kuti izi ndi mitengo yoyerekeza ndipo imatha kusintha kuchokera ku chipatala kupita ku chipatala kapena dokotala kupita kwa dokotala. Kufunsira kwa oncologist - 100-160 $; Kafukufuku wa labotale - 200-500 $; Mammography - 120-220 $; Ultrasound - 80-200 $; Biopsy - 2000-2800 $; PET - 900-1200 $; Biopsy pansi pa ulamuliro wa ultrasound - kuchokera ku 2000 $; CTC - 800 € (kusanthula kwapadera, kokha ku Anadolu); The zovuta lonse diagnostics (pafupifupi mtengo) malinga siteji ndi zovuta - 2000-4500 $ ndi zambiri.
Kodi Dziko Lopambana Kwambiri pa Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere ndi Chiyani?
Turkey ndi mtsogoleri wadziko lonse pa chithandizo cha khansa ndi matenda. Chifukwa cha m'munsi mtengo wa chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere ku Turkey, chiŵerengero chowonjezereka cha odwala apita ku Turkey kukafunafuna chithandizo chabwinoko. Dziko la Turkey nthawi zonse limakhala bwino pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo prostate, mabere, ndi zotupa muubongo wamkulu, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wabwino wazaka 5. Amatengedwa ngati amodzi mwa mayiko abwino kwambiri a khansa ya m'mawere.
Kodi Turkey Ndi Yabwino Kuchiza Khansa ya M'mawere?
Mutha kudabwa "Kodi Turkey ndi yabwino kuchiza khansa ya m'mawere?". Ngakhale kuti Turkey malo khansa sakudziwika bwino, ali ndi phindu lalikulu pa zipatala za mayiko ena. Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazabwino za chithandizo cha khansa ku Turkey: Chisamaliro chapamwamba chamankhwala Njira yothandizirayi ikugwirizana ndi malamulo ndi malangizo a World Health Organisation Sipadzakhala "overdiagnosis" Chithandizo pamtengo wokwanira Palibe cholepheretsa zinenero Panthawi yonse ya chithandizo, kuwongolera kwabwino kwa ntchito zomwe zimaperekedwa Wodwala aliyense amatetezedwa ndi lamulo.
