Siyini Izifo Ezingalapheki Ezivimbela Amaphaphu (COPD)?

Yini i-COPD?

Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD) yisifo sokuphefumula esihlasela amaphaphu futhi senze kube nzima ngabantu ukuphefumula ngendlela evamile. I-COPD ibhekisela eqenjini lezifo zamaphaphu, izifo eziyinhloko i-emphysema kanye ne-bronchitis engapheli. Kuyisimo sesikhathi eside esithinta kabi impilo yesiguli kanye nempilo yansuku zonke.

Lesi sifo senzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukuchayeka entuthwini kagwayi namanye amagesi ayingozi nezinhlayiya. Nakuba isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi amadoda, ikakhulukazi amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, asengozini yokuthola i-COPD, abesifazane batholakala benalesi sifo futhi. Nakuba isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona siyisifo esivame kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bomhlaba, abantu abaningi abakaqapheli ukuthi lesi simo sinzima kangakanani. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-COPD nokuthi yelashwa kanjani.

Iwathinta Kanjani Amaphaphu Akho?

Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) sinciphisa imigudu yokuphefumula futhi silimaza amaphaphu unomphela. Lapho siphefumula, umoya uhamba ngemigudu yomoya ehlanganisa amagatsha elokhu iba mincane kancane kuze kube yilapho iphelela kumasaka amancane omoya. Lawa masaka omoya (alveoli) avumela i-carbon dioxide ukuba iphume futhi umoya-mpilo ungene ekujikelezeni. Ku-COPD, ukuvuvukala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubangela ukulimala okungapheli emigwaqweni yomoya kanye namasaka omoya emaphashini. Imigudu yomoya iyavuvukala, futhi igcwale amafinyila, avimbela ukugeleza komoya. Amasaka omoya alahlekelwa ukwakheka kwawo kanye ne-sponginess, ngakho awakwazi ukugcwalisa futhi angenalutho kalula, okwenza kube nzima ukushintshana kwe-carbon dioxide nomoya-mpilo. Lokhu kubangela izimpawu ezinjengokuphelelwa umoya, ukuhefuzela, ukukhwehlela kanye nephlegm.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Ze-COPD?

Phakathi nezigaba zangaphambili ze-COPD, izimpawu zesimo zingase zifane nomkhuhlane ovamile. Umuntu angase azizwe ephelelwa umoya ngemva kokuzivocavoca okuncane, ukukhwehlela usuku lonke, futhi adinge ukuhlanza umphimbo kaningi.

Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izimpawu zibonakala kakhulu. Ngezansi uhlu lwezimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-COPD:

• Ukuphefumula
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli okuhambisana ne-phlegm noma i-mucus
• Ukuhefuzela okuqhubekayo, ukuphefumula okunomsindo
• Izifo zokuphefumula njalo
• Ukubanda njalo nomkhuhlane
• Ukuqina kwesifuba
• Ukuvuvukala emaqakaleni, ezinyaweni, noma emilenzeni
• ukucobeka

Njengoba lesi sifo sibonakala sinezimpawu ezithambile ekuqaleni, abantu abaningi bavame ukusichitha ekuqaleni. Uma isiguli singakutholi ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu futhi zithinte izinga lempilo yomuntu. Uma ubona ezimbalwa zalezi zimpawu ezishiwo, bhema njalo, futhi uneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-35 ubudala, ungase ucabange ukuthi kungenzeka ube ne-COPD.

Yini Ebangela I-COPD? Ubani osengozini?

Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi abantu abangakaze babheme bayathinteka, imbangela evame kakhulu ngemuva kwe-COPD umlando wokubhema. Ababhemayo kutholakala ukuthi bane-COPD cishe ngama-20% ngaphezu kwabangabhemi. Njengoba ukubhema kulimaza kancane kancane amaphaphu, lapho umlando wokubhema uqhubeka ukhula kuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nalesi simo. Ayikho imikhiqizo ephephile kagwayi ebhemayo ehlanganisa ugwayi, amapayipi, nogwayi we-elekthronikhi. Ukubhema komuntu siqu kungase kubangele i-COPD.

Ikhwalithi yomoya embi kungase futhi kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwe-COPD. Ukuchayeka kumagesi ayingozi, intuthu, kanye nezinhlayiya ezindaweni ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile kungaholela engcupheni eyengeziwe ye-COPD.

Emaphesentini amancane kuphela eziguli ze-COPD, lesi simo sihlobene ne-a ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo okuholela ekuntulekeni kwephrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAt).

Itholakala Kanjani I-COPD?

Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo sifana nezinye izimo ezingathí sina kakhulu njengomkhuhlane lapho siqala, ngokuvamile asitholakali kahle futhi abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi baneCOPD kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zabo sezinzima. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ube ne-COPD, ungavakashela udokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuxilonga i-COPD. Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nezimpawu konke kunomthelela ekuxilongweni.

Ukuze uhlole isimo sakho, uzobuzwa ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezempilo womuntu siqu nomndeni, nokuthi ngabe uke wachayeka yini emonakalweni wamaphaphu njengokubhema noma ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumagesi ayingozi.

Khona-ke, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze ahlonze isimo sakho. Ngalokhu kuhlolwa, kuzokwazi ukuxilonga ngokunembile ukuthi une-COPD noma esinye isimo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise:

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu (amaphaphu).
• I-X-ray yesifuba
• CT scan
• Ukuhlaziywa kwegesi yegazi le-arterial
• Ukuhlolwa kwelabhulali

Okunye ukuhlola okuvame kakhulu ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlola okulula okubizwa ngokuthi i-spirometry. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, isiguli sicelwa ukuba siphefumulele emshinini obizwa ngokuthi i-spirometer. Le nqubo ilinganisa ukusebenza kanye namandla okuphefumula kwamaphaphu akho.

Yiziphi Izigaba ze-COPD?

Izimpawu ze-COPD kancane kancane ziba nzima kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokohlelo lwe-Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) lweNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute kanye neWorld Health Organization, kunezigaba ezine zeCOPD.

Isigaba sokuqala (Isigaba 1):

Izimpawu zesigaba sokuqala se-COPD zifana kakhulu nomkhuhlane futhi zingahlonzwa ngendlela engafanele. Ukuphefumula nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, okungase kuhambisane namafinyila yizimpawu eziyinhloko ezitholakala kulesi sigaba.

Isigaba esimaphakathi (Isigaba 2):

Njengoba lesi sifo sikhula izimpawu ezitholakala esigabeni sokuqala ziya ngokuya ziba namandla futhi zibonakale kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwesiguli. Ubunzima bokuphefumula buyanda futhi isiguli singase siqale ukuba nezinkinga zokuphefumula ngisho nangemva kokuzivocavoca umzimba okuncane. Ezinye izimpawu ezinjengokuhefuzela, ukukhathala, nenkinga yokulala ziyaqala.

Isiteji Esinzima (Isigaba 3):

Umonakalo emaphashini uba mkhulu futhi awakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile. Izindonga zamasaka omoya emaphashini ziyaqhubeka ziba buthaka. Kuba nzima kakhulu ukungenisa umoya-mpilo nokukhipha isikhutha ngenkathi ukhipha umoya. Kuba nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo nokukhipha isikhutha. Zonke ezinye izimpawu zangaphambilini ziyaqhubeka ziba zimbi futhi zivame kakhulu. Izimpawu ezintsha ezinjengokucinana kwesifuba, ukukhathala okukhulu, kanye nezifo ezivame kakhulu esifubeni zingase zibonakale. Esigabeni sesi-3, ungase ube nezikhathi zokuqubuka kungazelelwe lapho izimpawu ziba zimbi kungazelelwe.

Kunzima Kakhulu (Isigaba 4):

Isigaba sesi-4 se-COPD sithathwa njengesinzima kakhulu. Zonke izimpawu zangaphambilini ziyaqhubeka ziba zimbi futhi ama-flare-ups avame kakhulu. Amaphaphu awakwazi ukusebenza kahle futhi amandla amaphaphu cishe angaphansi kwama-30% kunokuvamile. Iziguli zinenkinga yokuphefumula ngisho nalapho zenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Phakathi nesigaba sesi-4 se-COPD, ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumula, izifo zamaphaphu, noma ukuhluleka kokuphefumula kuvame, futhi ukuqubuka okungazelelwe kungabulala.

Ingabe I-COPD Ingelashwa?

Ngokuqinisekile uzoba nemibuzo eminingi ngemva kokuthola ukuxilongwa kwesifo esingelapheki esivimbela amaphaphu (COPD). Abantu abane-COPD ababoni bonke izimpawu ezifanayo, futhi umuntu ngamunye angase adinge indlela yokwelashwa ehlukile. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezinketho zakho zokwelapha nodokotela wakho futhi ubuze noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo.

• Ukuyeka Ukubhema
• Abahogelwayo
• Imithi ye-COPD
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwamaphaphu
• I-Oxygen Eyengeziwe
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Endobronchial Valve (EBV).
• Ukuhlinzwa (I-Bullectomy, Ukuhlinzwa Kokunciphisa Umthamo Wephaphu, noma Ukufakelwa Kwephaphu)
• Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD Ballon

Uma usutholakele ukuthi une-COPD, udokotela wakho uzokuqondisa ekwelashweni okufanele ngokwezimpawu zakho kanye nesigaba sesimo sakho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD Ballon

Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD Ballon kuyindlela eguquguqukayo yokwelapha isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvinjwa kwamaphaphu. Ukusebenza kuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwemishini ye-bronchi ngayinye evinjiwe ngosizo lwedivayisi ekhethekile. Ngemuva kokuthi i-bronchi ihlanjululwe futhi iphinde ithole umsebenzi wabo onempilo, isiguli singaphefumula kalula. Lo msebenzi utholakala kuphela ezibhedlela nasemitholampilo ekhethekile embalwa. Njengoba CureBooking, sisebenza nezinye zalezi zikhungo eziyimpumelelo.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-COPD Ballon Treatment, ungasithinta ukuze uthole ukubonisana kwamahhala.

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