Yini Okudingeka Uyazi NgeLondon?

Inhlokodolobha yaseNgilandi nase-UK. Idolobha laseGreenwich, lapho kudlula khona i-0 degree meridian, liseduze neLondon. 

ILondon ingesinye sezikhungo ezibaluleke kakhulu zebhizinisi nezezezimali emhlabeni. Idolobha lesibili elinabantu abaningi e-EU elinabantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyisishiyagalombili. Kanye nezindawo zayo ezihlangene (IGreater London) abantu bayo bayizigidi eziyi-12-15. Kunabantu abangu-4,573 300 nge-km². Kuyidolobha lapho kuhlala khona abantu abangewona amhlophe kakhulu eYurophu. Kukhulunywa izilimi ezingaphezu kuka-XNUMX.

Kuyindawo yokuhlangana kwezokuvakasha kwamazwe omhlaba. Kunezikhumulo zezindiza ezinhlanu zomhlaba wonke ezisebenzela iLondon, kanti idolobha liyikhaya lesinye sezimoto esimatasa kakhulu. IHeathrow, isikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke, isikhumulo sezindiza sesithathu emhlabeni esithwele abagibeli bamazwe aphesheya kakhulu. 

Izivakashi ezibaluleke kakhulu eLondon yizindlu zePhalamende, iTower Bridge, iTower of London, iBuckingham Palace, iTrafalgar Square neLondon Eye. Iqukethe iGreat City yaseLondon, iDolobha laseLondon, iDolobha laseWestminster nezindawo ezingama-31 zedolobha laseLondon. 

Ungumuzi onenqwaba eluhlaza. Kunamapaki nezingadi eziyi-143 ezibhalisiwe eLondon. UMfula iThames uhlukanisa idolobha kabili.

Umlando Omfushane weLondon

Kuyamukelwa ukuthi iLondon yasungulwa ngamaRoma mayelana 2 eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule, yize kunemikhondo evela kuNeolithic Age neBronze Age, 1500 BC kanye noqweqwe lokuhlalwa kwabantu baseBritish lasendulo lwaziwa. Yasungulwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Londinium ngemuva kokuthi uMbuso WaseRoma uhlasele iBrithani ngo-43 BC. Kucatshangwa ukuthi incazelo yayo ingaba "umfula ogelezayo". Ngokusho kukaGeofrey waseMonmouth, leli gama empeleni lisuselwa kunkulunkulu wamaCelt uLudd. Ngokomlando, igama lomuzi, ebelaziwa phambilini ngokuthi yi "Trinovantum", laguqulwa laba ngu "Caer Ludd". 

ILondon, idolobha elincane lamaCelt, i-AD Lacekelwa phansi ngamaRoma ngonyaka wama-61 BC, labe selakhiwa kabusha futhi ekugcineni lashiya (418). Idolobha, IX. Ngekhulu le-19, yabuya yabuya amandla yize kwahlasela abaseDanes, kusukela ku-Alfred Omkhulu. UWilliam, owanikeza isitifiketi selungelo, naye wakha umbhoshongo lapha. Ngaphandle kwezimpi zomphakathi ezinodlame nesiyaluyalu (ikakhulukazi izidubedube zaseTyler naseCade), idolobha, iXIV. kanye ne-XV. ithuthukiswe ngokwanele ukujoyina ikoloni lase-Ireland neVirginia ngokuhloma ngemikhumbi engamashumi amabili ibhekene ne-Invincible Armada ngekhulu lama-20; kancane kancane laba idolobha eliqinile ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana namandla ombuso futhi labamba iqhaza ekuqothulweni kukaCharles I noJames H. Babhekene nobhadane lwezifo (ngaphezulu kwabantu abangama-70 000, 1/6 yabantu, bafa ngenxa yalokhu) nomlilo wango-1666, owadala ukuthi leli dolobha libhujiswe, ikakhulukazi ngezakhiwo ezenziwe ngokhuni, eLondon, XVIII. kusukela ngekhulu lama-XX. Yaqhubeka nokuthuthuka kwayo ngekhulu leminyaka.

Idolobha Lobuciko eLondon 

ELondon, lapho kutholakala khona amanxiwa ambalwa kanye neminonjana yokunqotshwa kukaNorman kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla, isakhiwo esibaluleke kakhulu yiTower of London (Tower of London) eyakhiwe ngo-1078 osebeni loMfula iThames. , empumalanga yoMuzi; XIII. - XIV. Lesi sigodlo, esasizungezwe udonga ngekhulu le-19, sasihlala amakhosi kuze kufike kuCharles H ngaphambi kokugcotshwa, futhi kamuva saba yijele lombuso; Namuhla, isetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina impahla yombuso kanye nemnyuziyamu lapho kugcinwa khona izinto eziyigugu zomndeni wobukhosi. Ngokufika kwamaNorman eNgilandi, izakhiwo zaseRoma, lapho kwakwenziwa khona imisebenzi yobuciko eminingi phambilini, zangena ezwenikazi iYurophu. Ngo-1050, iSt. Edward (ebizwa nangokuthi iConfessional) yakha kabusha i-Abbey yaseWestminster; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uWilliam the Red II wakhulisa isigodlo saseWestminster. Lesi sigodlo, esigcina sikhona namuhla njengeWestminster Hall, sashintshwa kakhulu ngo-1399.

XIII. futhi XIV. ubuciko be-gothic obuvela eFrance ngekhulu le-12 buye baguqulelwa ukunambitheka kwaseBrithani; Imikhiqizo ephelele kakhulu yalesi sikhathi itholakala eWestminster. Ubungcweti bobuciko bokwakha baseBrithani ngu-Inigo Jones (1573-1652) futhi ikakhulukazi iSthedral Cathedral, iKenington Palace, isibhedlela i-Chelsea. njll. umklami uChristopher Wren (1632-1723). XVII ukuthi imele. YY. kudala

XVII. ikhulu leminyaka, iNdlu yePhalamende kanye neXVI yeNdlovukazi uVictoria. IBuckingham Palace, ayithanda njengendawo yokuhlala yasebukhosini, yakhiwa esikhundleni seSaint James Palace yakudala kusukela ngekhulu le-19. 

Kusukela ngo-1945, isikhungo saseLondon sibe nemizamo eyahlukahlukene yokwenza kudingeke ukubuyisela izakhiwo ezabhidlika eMpini Yezwe Yesibili; Yize abakhi bezakhiwo ababefuna ukonga isikhala bakha amabhilidi amade, izakhiwo ezinezici zesikhathi sikaVictoria zisasinda emaphethelweni.

ILondon ingenye ye- amadolobha amadala kakhulu emhlabeni. Mayelana nezokuvakasha, izinto zobuciko zomlando zikhonjiswa eminyuziyamu emikhulu. Isiko labo laqala ukusabalala emhlabeni jikelele eminyakeni eyinkulungwane eyedlule. ILondon inezivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Lokhu kungumphumela wokuba iLondon ibe nomlando omude.